Applied Behavior Analysis and Play Therapy Intervention in a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study of Ahmed Khazir

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent difficulties in communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Early intervention using evidence-based practices such as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and play therapy has demonstrated improved adaptive functioning, communication, and behavioral outcomes in affected children. This case study explores the clinical profile and therapeutic outcomes of a 5-year-old boy, Ahmed Khazir, presenting with non-verbal ASD, profound developmental delay, and hyperactivity following early childhood injury. The intervention combined ABA, play therapy, music-based activities, and parent-mediated home plans over several months. Progress was observed in adaptive skills (notably eating and command following), sitting span, and social engagement. The case underscores the importance of early, individualized, multi-modal intervention and caregiver involvement for enhancing developmental outcomes in children with ASD. Implications for culturally contextualized therapeutic practices within Pakistani clinical settings are discussed.