SAUDI ARABIA’S FOREIGN POLICY SHIFT: VISION 2030 AND BEYOND

Abstract

This study analyzes the changing patterns of Kingdom’s foreign policy, economy, and society through neo-liberalist lens. Vision 2030, introduced by Crown Prince Muhammad Bin Salman, seeks to reduce Kingdom’s dependency on oil by diversifying its sectors of technology, tourism, and entertainment. This paper explores Kingdom’s strategic shift in domestic reforms, economic liberalization, and diplomatic orientation using qualitative methods and secondary data sources. It examines Kingdom’s evolving relations with key global players – China, the US, and Russia- as well as its regional de-escalation efforts, including rapprochement with Iran and disengagement in Yemen and Syria. Moreover, the research examines the Kingdom’s potential normalization with Israel as a pragmatic move aligned with its modernization goals. Findings suggest that Saudi Arabia is adopting a neutral, economically driven posture, attracting foreign investments and fostering regional stability. This research serves as a source of valuable insights for policymakers by contextualizing Vision 2030 as a blueprint for the Kingdom’s transition towards a modern, globally integrated, and liberal state.