Intersecting Oppressions: Objectification of Nature and Gender In Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness

Abstract

This study explores how Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness links ecological harm with transgender oppression under patriarchy. The research highlights the novel’s call for intersectional justice, showing that environmental and gender injustices are interconnected and must be addressed together. Most Specifically by implying the qualitative research method the present study draws from Greta Gaard’s ecofeminism and Judith Butler’s transgender theory in order to eliminate the hardships faced by transgender in India and to show how literature can challenge the binary mindset (nature/culture, male/female) and envision a holistic view of justice. The implication of research reveals the interconnectedness of ecological and gender oppression, highlighting how patriarchal systems exploit both nature and women, leading to environmental degradation and social injustice.The finding of the research emphasizes the interdependence of many types of oppression and the need for comprehensive, intersectional strategies to effect transformative social change and transgenders identifies and suffering in Indian society. This work offers new insights into systemic oppression and advocates for inclusive social change in India.