The Dynamics of International Relations in Shaping Global Political Order: A Comparative Analytical Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63468/Keywords:
International Relations, Global Political Order, Comparative Analysis, Multipolarity, Governance, Brics, Strategic Rivalry, Global Challenges.Abstract
Background: The developments of international relations have significantly affected the form of the global political order, in particular, in the framework of the increasing multipolarity, ideological confrontation and global challenges. The fact that emergent powers like China, India and Brazil are challenging hegemonic structures in an expanded way means that there is need to reconsider the world governance models.
Aim: The purpose of the case study is to discuss how the various forms of state behavior, institutional interactions, and normative standings influence the global politics order through a comparative analysis approach.
Method: A qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) was followed that involved four strategic case studies: United States China rivalry, the European Union integration, Russian assertive behavior in foreign policies and the collaboration of the BRICS coalition of nations. The information was retrieved based on peer-reviewed scholarly articles, governmental and establishment reports published in 2021- 2025.
Results: Outcomes show that there are considerable differences in military capability, institutional compliance, strategic behaviors and responses to the crises in the world. Although the Western actors remain the most dominant in terms of soft power and external institutional activity, the emergence of new powers is changing the international order, based on the promotion of alternative models of governance and regionalization of power.
Conclusion: Transnational issues like pandemics and global warming have provided evidence of the inadequacies of extant governance systems and indicated the significance of adapting, collaborative and pluralistic international strategies. The author of the study comes to a conclusion that the international order is not too unipolar and not strictly hierarchical any more but is fluent, contested, and with numerous complicated relations between various actors.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Kainat Javed, Jawad Ahmad, Kashif Khan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles published in the Social Sciences & Humanity Research Review (SSHRR) remain the copyright of their respective authors. SSHRR publishes content under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows readers to freely share, copy, adapt, and build upon the work in any medium or format, provided proper credit is given to both the authors and the journal.
Third‑party materials included in the articles are subject to their own copyright and must be properly attributed. The journal reserves the right to host, distribute, and preserve all published content to ensure long‑term access and integrity.
